Glossary of Islamic Words and Terms

<h2>Glossary of Islamic Words and Terms</h2>

Arabic terms used in this book are explained below:

<ul>
<li><strong>Adhan</strong>: The call to Salah (prayer).</li>
<li><strong>Ahadith</strong> (Plural of Hadith): Reports of the sayings, deeds, and actions approved by Prophet Muhammad.</li>
<li><strong>Akhirah</strong>: Life after death, including the Day of Judgment and the everlasting life afterward.</li>
<li><strong>Allah</strong>: The proper name of God, the Creator of all beings.</li>
<li><strong>Arafat</strong>: The plain where people gather during Hajj.</li>
<li><strong>Arkanul Islam</strong>: The five pillars or basic duties of Islam.</li>
<li><strong>Asr</strong>: Name of the Salah after mid-afternoon.</li>
<li><strong>Basmalah</strong>: The recitation “Bismillahir rahmanir rahim,” meaning “In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.”</li>
<li><strong>Darud</strong>: Reciting Salawat upon Prophet Muhammad during Salah or at other times.</li>
<li><strong>Du’a'</strong>: A supplication or prayer to Allah, seeking favor, blessings, or mercy.</li>
<li><strong>Fajr</strong>: Name of the Salah at dawn.</li>
<li><strong>Fard</strong>: Compulsory duty prescribed by Allah.</li>
<li><strong>Ghusl</strong>: Washing the entire body for cleanliness and purification.</li>
<li><strong>Hadith</strong> (Plural: Ahadith): A report of a saying, deed, or action approved by Prophet Muhammad.</li>
<li><strong>Halal</strong>: That which is lawful or permitted in Islam.</li>
<li><strong>Haram</strong>: That which is unlawful or forbidden in Islam.</li>
<li><strong>Hidayah</strong>: Guidance from Allah.</li>
<li><strong>Ibadah</strong>: Translated as “worship,” referring to any permissible activity performed to gain Allah’s pleasure.</li>
<li><strong>Id</strong>: A day of celebration, such as Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha.</li>
<li><strong>Imam</strong>: The person who leads prayer in a congregation or a leader.</li>
<li><strong>Iman</strong>: Faith or belief.</li>
<li><strong>Iqamah</strong>: The second call to prayer, made when Salah is about to begin in congregation.</li>
<li><strong>Isha'</strong>: Name of the Salah at night.</li>
<li><strong>Islam</strong>: The religion of submission and obedience to Allah’s commands to attain peace in this life and in the Akhirah (Hereafter).</li>
<li><strong>Istikharah</strong>: A prayer for seeking Allah’s guidance on a matter.</li>
<li><strong>I’tidal</strong>: Returning to the position of qivām after ruku (bowing) during Salah.</li>
<li><strong>Jahannam</strong>: Hell, the place of eternal suffering.</li>
<li><strong>Jama’ah</strong>: Congregation, when people pray Salah as one group.</li>
<li><strong>Janazah</strong>: The funeral Salah.</li>
<li><strong>Jannah</strong>: Heaven, the place of eternal bliss.</li>
<li><strong>Jibra’il</strong>: The angel (Gabriel) who brought revelations from Allah.</li>
<li><strong>Jihad fi sabi lillah</strong>: Striving to establish Ma’ruf (good) and remove Munkar (evil) from society, to gain Allah’s pleasure.</li>
<li><strong>Jinn</strong>: Allah’s creatures with free will, created from smokeless fire.</li>
<li><strong>Jumu’ah</strong>: The special congregational Salah said at midday every Friday.</li>
<li><strong>Ka’bah</strong>: The first place built for the worship of Allah in Makkah, also called “The House of Allah” (Baitullah).</li>
<li><strong>Kafir</strong>: A person who does not believe in Islam.</li>
<li><strong>Khalifah</strong>: An agent or vicegerent of Allah on earth.</li>
<li><strong>Khutbah</strong>: The sermon given before Salatul Jumu’ah.</li>
<li><strong>Ma’ruf</strong>: Right actions, the opposite of Munkar (wrong).</li>
<li><strong>Salatul Istikharah</strong>: A prayer for seeking Allah’s guidance on a matter.</li>
<li><strong>Salatul Jumu’ah</strong>: The special congregational Salah said at midday every Friday.</li>
<li><strong>Sawm</strong>: Fasting in the month of Ramadan, one of the five pillars of Islam.</li>
<li><strong>Shahadah</strong>: Testifying that “There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is Allah’s messenger.”</li>
<li><strong>Sujud</strong>: Prostrating during Salah (prayer).</li>
<li><strong>Sunnah</strong> (Plural: Sunan): The example of Prophet Muhammad in what he did, said, and approved. Also, the additional Salah practised by Prophet Muhammad.</li>
<li><strong>Surah</strong> (Plural: Suwar): A chapter of the Qur’an.</li>
<li><strong>Ta’awwudh</strong>: Saying “A’udhu billahi minash shaiṭānir rajim” (I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed devil).</li>
<li><strong>Tahajjud</strong>: Optional Salah between midnight and dawn.</li>
<li><strong>Taharah</strong>: Being clean and pure.</li>
<li><strong>Takbir</strong>: Saying “Allahu Akbar” (Allah is the Greatest).</li>
<li><strong>Testifying that “There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is Allah’s messenger.”</strong>: The first pillar of Islam.</li>
<li><strong>Tasbih</strong>: The recitation after two rak’ahs and at the end of Salah.</li>
<li><strong>Tashahhud</strong>: Reciting the testimony of faith during Salah.</li>
<li><strong>Tasmiyah</strong>: Saying “Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim” (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful).</li>
<li><strong>Tayammum</strong>: Dry ablution, performed when water is scarce, unavailable, or using it would be harmful.</li>
<li><strong>Thana'</strong>: Saying “Subhanaka allahumma” (Glory be to You, O Allah) after Takbiratul Iḥram (the opening Takbir) during Salah.</li>
<li><strong>Wajib</strong>: Obligatory.</li>
<li><strong>Witr</strong>: A Salah offered after Isha’.</li>
<li><strong>Wudu</strong>: Washing for Salah (ablutions).</li>
<li><strong>Zakah</strong>: Welfare contribution, a compulsory payment from a Muslim’s annual savings, one of the five pillars of Islam. It is an act of worship and should not be confused with any tax.</li>
<li><strong>Zuhr</strong>: Name of the Salah just after midday.</li>
</ul>

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