Jab kisi ghar mein naye bacche (newborn baby) ki paidaish hoti hai, toh yeh Allah Ta’ala ki taraf se ek bohot badi neemat aur khushi ka mauqa hota hai. Islam mein is khushi ko manane aur Allah ka shukr ada karne ka ek behtareen tarika “Aqiqah” hai. Lekin aksar naye waldain (parents) ke zehan mein yeh sawal aata hai ke Aqiqah kaise kare aur iska sahi sunnat tarika kya hai?
Agar aap bhi apne bacche ka aqiqah karne ka irada rakhte hain aur iske shar’i masail, gosht ki taqseem, aur duaon ke baare mein mukammal maloomat chahte hain, toh aap bilkul sahi jagah par hain.
Is article mein hum Quran aur Hadees ki roshni mein aqiqah karne ka mukammal tarika, ladke aur ladki ke aqiqah mein farq, aur un tamam sawaloon ke jawab detail mein janenge jo aapke zehan mein aate hain. Chaliye shuru karte hain.
Table of Contents
- Aqiqah Kise Kehte Hain? (Definition)
- Aqiqah Ki Ahmiyat Aur Shukrana
- Aqiqah Sunnat Hai Ya Wajib?
- Aqiqah Karne Ka Sunnat Tarika (Step-by-Step)
- Ladke Aur Ladki Ke Aqiqah Mein Fark
- Aqiqah Ka Waqt: Kis Din Karna Chahiye?
- Aqiqah Ke Jaanwar Ki Shartein
- Aqiqah Ka Gosht Kaise Baantein?
- Baal Ke Wazan Ke Barabar Chandi Sadqa Karna
- Bacche Ke “Girwi” (Rehan) Hone Ka Matlab
- Kya Insaan Khud Apna Aqiqah Kar Sakta Hai?
- Faut Shuda Ya Na-Tamaam Bacche Ka Aqiqah
- Kya Aqiqah Ke Badle Paise Sadqa Kar Sakte Hain?
- Common Mistakes in Aqiqah
- Pro Tips For Perfect Aqiqah
- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- Conclusion & Key Takeaways
Aqiqah Kise Kehte Hain? (Definition)
Arabi zaban mein lafz ‘Aq’ (عق) ka ek maani faadna aur kaatna hota hai.
Aam lafzon mein, Aqiqah us dabiha (sacrificial animal) ko kehte hain jo naumolud (newborn baby) ki taraf se Allah ki raah mein zibah kiya jata hai.
Iske alawa, baaz ulema ke mutabiq Aqiqah un baalon (hair) ko bhi kaha jata hai jo maa ke pet mein paida hone wale bacche ke sar par nikalte hain. Chunki un baalon ko paidaish ke saatve din zibah ke waqt mundwa (shave) diya jata hai, isliye is pure process ko Aqiqah ka naam diya gaya hai. Isme jaanwar ke jism ke tukde kiye jate hain, isliye bhi isko Aqiqah kehte hain (Reference: Bulugh al-Maram, Jild 2, Safa 873).
Aqiqah Ki Ahmiyat Aur Shukrana
Aulaad Allah Ta’ala ka ek bohot bada inaam hai. Is neemat par Allah ka shukr ada karna har musalman par lazim hai.
Irshad-e-Bari Ta’ala hai:
“Allah ka shukr ada karo, agar tum sirf usi ki ibadat karte ho.” (Surah An-Nahl: 114)
Nabi Kareem (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ne aqiqah ko bacche ki salamti aur balaon se hifazat ka zariya bataya hai.
Hadees mein aata hai:
“Bacche ke sath aqiqah (lazim) hai. Lihaza tum uski taraf se qurbani karo aur uski takleef ko door karo.”
(Bukhari: 5472, Abu Dawud: 2839)
Yahan “takleef door karne” se murad bacche ka sar mundwana aur jaanwar zibah karke uski taraf se sadqa karna hai, taake baccha sehatmand rahe aur shaitani asraat se bacha rahe.
Aqiqah Sunnat Hai Ya Wajib?
Aqiqah ke shar’i hukm par ulema ke mukhtalif aqwaal (opinions) hain:
- Jamhoor Ulema (Majority): Imam Malik, Imam Shafi’i, Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, aur Allama Shawkani (R.H.) ke nazdeek Aqiqah Sunnat-e-Muakkadah (highly recommended sunnah) hai.
- Ahnaf (Hanafi Fiqh): Imam Abu Hanifa (R.H.) ke nazdeek Aqiqah sunnat nahi balki Mubah (permissible) aur jaiz hai. Agar koi kare toh sawab milega, na kare toh gunah nahi.
- Hasan Basri (R.H.): Unke nazdeek Aqiqah karna Farz/Wajib hai.
Agar Aqiqah Karne Ki Haisiyat Na Ho To?
Islam ek asaan deen hai. Allah Ta’ala Quran mein farmata hai: “Allah kisi nafs ko uski taqat se zyada takleef nahi deta.” (Surah Al-Baqarah: 286).
Sheikh Ibn Uthaymeen (R.H.) farmate hain: “Agar koi shakhs apni aulaad ki paidaish ke waqt gareeb ho to us par Aqiqah karna zaroori nahi hai chunki woh aajiz hai, aur aajiz hone ki wajah se ibadat saqit (exempt) ho jati hai.”
Pro Tip: Agar aapke paas abhi paise nahi hain, lekin umeed hai ke jaldi aayenge, toh aap Aqiqah ke liye qarz (loan) bhi le sakte hain. Imam Ahmad (R.H.) ne farmaya ke jo shakhs sunnat zinda karne ke liye qarz lega, Allah uski adaigi mein madad farmayega.
Aqiqah Karne Ka Sunnat Tarika (Step-by-Step)
Aqiqah mukammal sunnat tarike se ada karne ke liye in steps ko follow karein:
Step 1: 7ve Din Ka Intekhab Karein
Bacche ki paidaish ke theek saatve (7th) din aqiqah karna sunnat hai. (Agar Jumerat ko baccha paida hua, toh agla Budh / Wednesday 7va din hoga).
Step 2: Jaanwar Zibah Karein
Ladke ke liye 2 aur ladki ke liye 1 jaanwar (bakra, bakri ya dumba) zibah karein. Zibah karte waqt Aqiqah ki niyat aur dua (Bismillahi Allahu Akbar) zaroor parhein.
Step 3: Bacche Ka Naam Rakhein
Saatve din bacche ka ek acha aur islami naam rakhna sunnat hai. Aise naam rakhein jinke matlab achay hon, jaise Abdullah, Abdur Rahman aadi.
Step 4: Sar Mundwayein (Shave the Head)
Bacche ke sar ke baal mundwayein (shave karein). Zaroori nahi ke pehle zibah ho ya pehle baal katen, dono mein se koi bhi kaam aage peeche kiya ja sakta hai.
Step 5: Chandi Sadqa Karein
Bacche ke sar se utare gaye baalon ka wazan karein, aur us wazan ke barabar chandi (silver) ya uski qeemat sadqa karein.
Step 6: Tahneek Karein (Optional but Sunnah)
Kisi nek shakhs se khajoor (dates) chaba kar bacche ke talu (palate) par lagwayein, isay Tahneek kehte hain.
Warning: Zamana-e-jahiliyat (pre-Islamic era) mein log aqiqe ke jaanwar ka khoon bacche ke sar par lagate the. Islam ne is rawaj ko sakhti se mana kiya hai. Hadees mein hai: “Aqiqah kiya jaye lekin uske sar mein khoon na lagaya jaye.” (Ibn Majah: 3166). Aap khoon ki jagah Zafran (saffron) laga sakte hain.
Ladke Aur Ladki Ke Aqiqah Mein Fark
Ladke aur ladki ke aqiqah mein bunyadi fark jaanwaro ki tadad ka hai.
| Feature | Ladka (Baby Boy) | Ladki (Baby Girl) |
| Jaanwar ki Tadad | 2 Bakriyan / Dumbe | 1 Bakri / Dumba |
| Baal Mundwana | Zaroori hai | Zaroori hai |
| Chandi Sadqa | Wazan ke barabar | Wazan ke barabar |
| Hadees Ka Hawala | Tirmidhi: 1359 | Tirmidhi: 1359 |
Umm Kurj Ka’biyah (R.A.) bayan karti hain ke Nabi (ﷺ) ne farmaya:
“Ladke ki taraf se do barabar (ek jaisi) bakriyan aur ladki ki taraf se ek bakri qurban ki jaye.” (Abu Dawud: 2834)
Kya Ladke Ki Taraf Se Ek Jaanwar Qurban Kiya Ja Sakta Hai?
Ji haan, bilkul jaiz hai. Agar kisi shakhs ki maali haisiyat (financial status) do jaanwar zibah karne ki nahi hai, toh woh ladke ki taraf se 1 jaanwar bhi zibah kar sakta hai.
Ibn Abbas (R.A.) se riwayat hai: “Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ) ne Hasan aur Husain (R.A.) ki taraf se aqiqe mein 1-1 dumba zibah kiya.” (Abu Dawud: 2841).
Lekin agar haisiyat ho, toh 2 hi karna afzal hai.
Aqiqah Ka Waqt: Kis Din Karna Chahiye?
Aqiqah karne ka sabse behtareen aur sunnat waqt bacche ki paidaish ka 7va din hai.
Samurah bin Jundub (R.A.) se riwayat hai ke Nabi (ﷺ) ne farmaya: “Har baccha apne aqiqe ke ewaz girwi hota hai. Paidaish ke saatve (7th) din uska aqiqah kiya jaye.” (Abu Dawud: 2838)
Din Calculate Karne Ka Tarika:
Jis din baccha paida ho, usay pehla din ginein. Misaal ke taur par, agar baccha Jumma (Friday) ko paida hua hai, toh uska Aqiqah Jumerat (Thursday) ko hoga. (Note: Agar baccha Maghrib ke baad paida hua hai, toh islam mein din Maghrib ke baad badal jata hai, isliye usay agle din ki paidaish mana jayega).
Kya 7ve Din Se Pehle Ya Baad Mein Aqiqah Ho Sakta Hai?
- 7ve din se pehle: Aisa karna sunnat ke khilaf hai. Aqiqah ka waqt 7ve din hi shuru hota hai.
- 7ve din ke baad: Agar 7ve din miss ho jaye, toh 14ve (14th) ya 21ve (21st) din karein (Sahih Jami’ al-Sagheer: 4011). Agar in dino mein bhi na ho sake, toh zindagi mein kabhi bhi kiya ja sakta hai, lekin der karna afzal waqt kho dene ke barabar hai.
Aqiqah Ke Jaanwar Ki Shartein
Aqiqah mein qurbani ka jaanwar kaisa hona chahiye? Is hawale se zyada tar ulema (jaise Ibn Qudamah) ka manna hai ke jo shartein Qurbani (Eid-ul-Adha) ke jaanwar mein hoti hain, wahi Aqiqah ke jaanwar mein bhi honi chahiye.
Jaanwar Kaisa Ho? Checklist:
✔ Jaanwar ki Qisam: Bhed, Bakra, Bakri, ya Dumba behtareen hain.
✔ Umar (Age): Bakra/Bakri kam az kam 1 saal ka ho. Dumba/Bhed agar 6 mahine ka bhi ho lekin itna mota ho ke 1 saal ka lage, toh jaiz hai.
✔ Aib Se Paak: Jaanwar langda, andha, bimar, ya bohot kamzor nahi hona chahiye. Uske seengh aur kaan kate hue nahi hone chahiye.
✔ Nar Ya Maada (Male/Female): Aqiqah mein Nar (Male) aur Maada (Female) dono zibah kiye ja sakte hain. Nabi (ﷺ) ne farmaya: “Nar hon ya maada, tumhein koi cheez nuksaan nahi degi.” (Tirmidhi: 1360).
Kya Oont (Camel) Aur Gaay (Cow) Ki Qurbani Sahi Hai?
Dr. Wahbah al-Zuhayli aur Jamhoor ulema ke mutabiq Oont aur Gaay ka aqiqah ho sakta hai aur isme 7 hisse (shares) bhi ho sakte hain. Lekin Hadees mein wazeh zikr sirf bakri aur dumbe ka milta hai, isliye Bakri ya Dumba zibah karna hi sabse zyada afzal aur pure sunnat hai.
Aqiqah Ka Gosht Kaise Baantein?
Aqiqah ke gosht ko taqseem karne ka tarika bilkul Eid-ul-Adha ki qurbani ki tarah hai. Shariat ne isme bohot aasaani rakhi hai.
Best Practice (3 Hisson Mein Baantna):
Behtar aur mustahab tarika yeh hai ke pure gosht ke 3 barabar hisse kiye jayein:
- Ek Hissa: Apne aur apne ghar walon ke khane ke liye.
- Dusra Hissa: Rishtedaron, doston, aur padosiyon ke liye (kaccha baantein ya paka kar dawat dein).
- Teesra Hissa: Gareebon, miskeenon, aur mohtajon mein sadqa karne ke liye.
Gosht Paka Kar Khilana ya Kaccha Dena?
Dono tarike jaiz hain. Aap kacha gosht bhi baant sakte hain, aur usay paka kar logo ki dawat bhi kar sakte hain. Ibn Sirin (R.H.) farmate hain ke Aqiqah ka gosht paka kar khilana zyada behtar hai taake gareebon aur padosiyon ko pakane ki takleef na karni pade.
Note: Aqiqe ke jaanwar ka gosht, khaal, paaye ya siri koi bhi cheez bechi nahi ja sakti. Khaal (skin) ko kisi gareeb ko de dein ya madarse mein donate kar dein. Kasai (butcher) ko uski ujrat (labor) khaal ya gosht ki shakal mein nahi di ja sakti, paise alag se dene honge.
Baal Ke Wazan Ke Barabar Chandi Sadqa Karna
Saatve din bacche ka sar mundwana aur uske baalon ke wazan ke barabar chandi sadqa karna sunnat hai.
Ali (R.A.) se riwayat hai ke Aap (ﷺ) ne Hasan (R.A.) ki taraf se aqiqah kiya aur farmaya: “Ai Fatima! Iska sar mundwao aur iske baalon ke wazan ke barabar chandi (silver) sadqa karo.” (Tirmidhi: 1365).
Chandi Sadqa Karne Ka Tarika:
- Bacche ke baal shave karne ke baad unko jama kar lein.
- Sunaar (jeweler) ki dukan par ja kar un baalon ka wazan (weight) karwayein. (Aksar yeh wazan 1 se 3 gram ke darmiyan hota hai).
- Us wazan ke barabar Chandi ki jo qeemat (market value) banti hai, utne paise kisi gareeb ya miskeen ko sadqa kar dein.Misaal: Agar baal ka wazan 2 gram hai aur 1 gram chandi ki qeemat ₹80 hai, toh ₹160 gareebo mein sadqa kar dein. (Aap chandi ki jagah utni qeemat ka sona/gold bhi sadqa kar sakte hain, lekin sunnat chandi mein hai).
Bacche Ke “Girwi” (Rehan) Hone Ka Matlab
Hadees mein aata hai ke “Har baccha apne aqiqe ke ewaz girwi (pledged/rehan) hota hai.”
Iska kya matlab hai? Ulema ne iski mukhtalif tafseel bayan ki hai:
- Imam Ahmad (R.H.) kehte hain: Agar kisi bacche ka aqiqah na kiya jaye aur woh bachpan mein hi faut (mar) jaye, toh woh qayamat ke din apne maa-baap ki sifarish (shafa’at) nahi kar sakega.
- Kuch ulema ka kehna hai: Iska matlab hai ke baccha apne baalon aur mail-kuchail mein phasa hota hai, aqiqah aur baal mundwane se woh paak aur azaad hota hai.
- Balaon se hifazat: Aqiqah na hone tak baccha shaitani asraat aur beemariyon ki girift mein rehta hai, aqiqah uska fidya (ransom) ban kar usay azad karata hai.
Kya Insaan Khud Apna Aqiqah Kar Sakta Hai?
Aksar log poochte hain ke agar unke bachpan mein unke waldain jahalat, la-ilmi ya gurbat (poverty) ki wajah se unka aqiqah nahi kar sake, toh kya woh bade hokar apna aqiqah khud kar sakte hain?
Jawab: Ji haan, bilkul kar sakte hain.
Imam Shafi’i (R.H.), Ata bin Abi Rabah (R.H.) aur Hasan Basri (R.H.) ka kehna hai ke: “Insaan apni taraf se bhi Aqiqah kar sakta hai isliye ki woh Aqiqah ke ewaz girwi hai.”
Agarche Hanbali fiqh mein yeh sirf waldain ki zimmedari hai, lekin rajeeq qaul yahi hai ke aqiqah chhoot gaya ho toh insaan baligh hone ke baad kisi bhi umar mein apna aqiqah karke is sunnat ko mukammal kar sakta hai.
Faut Shuda Ya Na-Tamaam Bacche Ka Aqiqah
1. Na-Tamaam (Miscarried) Baccha:
Agar baccha maa ke pet mein hi (waqt se pehle) saqit ho jaye (miscarriage ho jaye) jisme rooh nahi phoonki gayi thi, toh uska aqiqah nahi hoga. (Kyunki aqiqah paidaish ke baad zinda bacche ka hota hai).
2. Paida Hone Ke Baad Faut Ho Jane Wala Baccha:
Agar baccha zinda paida hua, aur 7 din pure hone se pehle hi inteqal kar gaya, toh Saudi Ifta Committee aur Sheikh Ibn Uthaymeen (R.H.) ke mutabiq uska aqiqah zaroori nahi hai. Uske liye sirf dua-e-maghfirat aur sadqa kafi hai. Albatta, baaz ulema kehte hain ke agar 7 din zinda reh kar faut ho gaya ho, toh uska aqiqah kiya ja sakta hai.
Kya Aqiqah Ke Badle Paise Sadqa Kar Sakte Hain?
Aaj kal bohot se log sawal karte hain ke kya hum aqiqe ka jaanwar zibah karne ki jagah utne paise (money) kisi yateem khane (orphanage) ya gareeb ko de sakte hain?
Jawab: Nahi. Aisa karne se Aqiqah ada nahi hoga.
Aqiqah ek khusoosi ibadat hai jisme Khoon bahana (Jaanwar Zibah karna) maqsood hai. Ibn Qudamah (R.H.) farmate hain: “Aqiqe ke jaanwar ki qeemat sadqa karne se, jaanwar ko zibah karna zyada afzal aur sunnat hai.”
Agar aap paise kisi fund mein jama kara denge ya sadqa kar denge, toh aapko sadqe ka sawab zaroor milega, lekin ‘Aqiqah’ ki sunnat ada nahi hogi. Hamesha sunnat tareeqe par hi amal karna behtar hai.
Common Mistakes in Aqiqah
Aqiqah karte waqt log kuch galtiyan karte hain jinse bachna zaroori hai:
- Galti 1: Bacche ke sar par aqiqe ke jaanwar ka khoon lagana. Yeh jahiliyat ki rasm hai aur haram hai.
- Galti 2: Aqiqe ki haddiyon (bones) ko torne se parhez karna. Kuch log sochte hain ke haddi tootne se bacche ko nuksan hoga. Yeh andh-vishwas (superstition) hai. Haddi tor kar gosht banwana bilkul jaiz hai.
- Galti 3: Nana-Nani ya Dada-Dadi ka aqiqah karna zaroori samajhna. Aqiqah kisi ke bhi paiso se ho sakta hai, iski koi qaid nahi ke kharcha kaun uthayega.
- Galti 4: Yeh sochna ke aqiqe ka gosht bacche ke waldain (parents) nahi kha sakte. Yeh bilkul galat hai, waldain, dada-dadi sab yeh gosht kha sakte hain.
Pro Tips For Perfect Aqiqah
- Advance Planning: Paidaish se pehle hi aqiqe ke budget ka intezam shuru kar dein taake 7ve din asani se sunnat ada ho sake.
- Naam Pehle Soch Lein: Bacche ka naam paidaish ke pehle ya shuru ke dino mein hi soch kar rakhein taake 7ve din naam ka aelan aqiqe ke sath kiya ja sake.
- Online Aqiqah Services: Agar aap foreign mein hain ya khud jaanwar zibah nahi kar sakte, toh kisi trusted charity organization ke zariye apna aqiqah karwa sakte hain, woh wahan gareebo mein gosht baant dete hain.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Kya Aqiqah karna farz hai?
Nahi, jamhoor ulema ke nazdeek aqiqah farz nahi balki Sunnat-e-Muakkadah hai. Agar koi haisiyat na hone ki wajah se na kare, toh us par koi gunah nahi hai.
2. Kya aqiqah ka gosht non-Muslims ko diya ja sakta hai?
Ji haan, padosi ya doston ke haq ke taur par non-Muslims ko bhi aqiqah ka gosht diya ja sakta hai, isme koi shar’i mamaniyat nahi hai.
3. Agar bacche ki umar salon (years) mein ho jaye toh aqiqah kaise kare?
Tarika wahi rahega. Ladke ke liye 2 aur ladki ke liye 1 bakri zibah karein. Bas baal mundwana aur chandi sadqa karna zaroori nahi hota jab baccha bada ho jaye.
4. Kya aqiqe ke jaanwar mein kisi aur ka hissa dal sakte hain?
Agar oont ya gaay zibah kar rahe hain toh usme qurbani ya dusre aqiqe ke hisse dale ja sakte hain. Lekin bakri/dumbe mein sirf 1 hi hissa hota hai.
5. Kya baal mundwana ladkiyon ke liye bhi zaroori hai?
Ji haan, Ahadith ke amoom se yahi sabit hota hai ke chahe ladka ho ya ladki, 7ve din sar mundwana sunnat hai.
6. Kya ladke ki taraf se sirf 1 bakra aqiqah ho sakta hai?
Ji bilkul. Agar maali halat theek na ho toh ladke ki taraf se 1 bakri/bakra bhi qurban kiya ja sakta hai. Nabi (ﷺ) ne Hazrat Hasan aur Husain ki taraf se ek ek dumba zibah kiya tha.
7. Agar chandi ki jagah paise na hon toh kya karein?
Agar aapke paas chandi sadqa karne ke paise nahi hain, toh Allah maaf karne wala hai. Jo ibadat aajiz hone par nahi ki ja sakti, woh saqit ho jati hai.
8. Aqiqe ki dua kya hai?
Aap aam zibah ki dua “Bismillahi Allahu Akbar” keh kar zibah kar sakte hain. Iske sath yeh dua bhi parhein: “Allahumma Minka wa Laka ‘Aqeeqatu [Bacche ka naam lein].”
9. Kya aqiqe ka gosht freezer mein store kar sakte hain?
Ji haan, aap baantne ke baad bacha hua gosht apne khane ke liye fridge ya freezer mein store kar sakte hain.
10. Agar waldain aqiqah na karein toh kya baccha khud kar sakta hai?
Ji haan, agar waldain ne bachpan mein aqiqah nahi kiya, toh baccha baligh hone ke baad apni taraf se khud apna aqiqah kar sakta hai.
Conclusion & Key Takeaways
Aqiqah kaise kare iska jawab hamein Nabi Kareem (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ki sunnat se bohot wazeh milta hai. Aqiqah na sirf ek islami tehwar (festival) ki tarah khushi manane ka zariya hai, balki yeh bacche ki salamti aur balaon se hifazat ka ek mazboot amal bhi hai.
Key Takeaways:
- Aqiqah bacche ki paidaish ke 7ve din karna sunnat hai.
- Ladke ke liye 2 aur ladki ke liye 1 jaanwar qurban karna chahiye.
- Saatve din bacche ka sar mundwana, chandi sadqa karna, aur accha naam rakhna behtareen amal hai.
- Aqiqe ke gosht ko 3 hisson mein taqseem karna mustahab hai (Ghar wale, Rishtedar, aur Gareeb).
- Agar maali haisiyat na ho, toh Aqiqah chhod dene par koi gunah nahi hai.
Allah Ta’ala hamein Sunnat ke mutabiq zindagi guzarne aur deen ke masail ko samajh kar amal karne ki taufiq ata farmaye. Ameen!