Hazrat Imaam Abu Haamid Muhammad al-Ghazaali Biography
Hazrat Imaam Abu Haamid Muhammad al-Ghazaali rahmatullāhi alaihi :
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Alqaab :
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Hujjat-ul-Islaam, Zain-ud-deen, Sharaf-ul-Aa’imma.
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Aap ki wilaadat 450 Hijri (1058 A.D.) me Tabaran (Tus, Iran) me hui.
Aap ke waalid ka naam Muhammad ibn Muhammad hai.
Aap ke waalid oon kaatkar bechte the.
Bachpan me hi Aap ke waalid ka inteqaal ho gaya.
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Aap ne Tus me me ibtidaai taaleem haasil ki aur Hazrat Ahmad bin Muhammad al-Razakani rahmatullāhi alaihi se fiq’h ki ta’aleem haasil ki.
Phir 20 ssal ki umr me Jurjaan jaakar Imaam Abu Nasr Ismāeeli rahmatullāhi alaihi se ta’aleem hail ki. Phir Tus waapas aaye aur waha 3 saal rahe.
Phir Nishapur me Imaam al-Juwaini rahmatullāhi alaihi se ta’aleem haasil ki.
477 Hijri (1085 A.D.) me Imaam al-Juwaini ke inteqaal ke baad aap Nishapur chhodkar Khwaja Nizaam-ul-Mulk Abu Ali Hasan al-Tusi ki baargaah me gaye.
484 Hijri (1091 A.D.) me Khwaja Nizaam-ul-Mulk ne aap ko ‘Zain-ud-deen’ (Brilliance of the Religion) aur ‘Sharaf-ul-Aa’imma’ (Eminence among the Religious Leaders) ke alqaab ata farmaaye aur Aap ko Baghdad ke Madrasa Nizaamiya ki zimmedaari ata ki.
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488 Hijri (1095 A.D.) me Aap apni tamaam milkiyat bechkar woh maal apne pariwaar ko guzaraan ke liye de diya aur aap Hajj ke liye rawaana ho gaye.
Damishq aur Jerusalem me kuchh waqt guzaarne ke baad 489 Hijri (1096 A.D.) aap ne Madeena aur Makka jaakr hajj ada kiya.
Phir Tus waapas aakar aap ne kuchh saal uzla (tanhai) me guzaare.
Phir Aap ne zawiya (private madrasa) aur khaanqaah me logo ko ta’aleem dena shuru kiya.
499 Hijri (1106 A.D.) me Sultaan Ahmad Sanjar ke wazeer Fakhr-ul-Mulk ne kai baar Nishapur ke Madrasa Nizaamiyya me aane ke liye kaha. Magar Aap ne har baar inkaar kiya.
Is ke baad 503 Hijri (1110 A.D.) me Sultaan Muhammad ke wazeer ne Aap ko Baghdad waapas aane ke liye kaha. Aap ne us ko bhi mana kiya.
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Aap hamesha saadgi pasand karte the.
Ek martaba Makka mukarrama me qayaam ke dauraan Aap nihaayat saada aur maamooli libaas pehne hue the. Hazrat Abdur Rahmān Tusi ne arz kiya “Aap ke paas is ke ilaawa aur koi libaas nahi hai. Hazaaro log aap ke mureed hain aur aap ko Imaam e waqt aur Peshwa e qaum maante hai.”
Aap ne jawaab diya “Aise shakhs ka libaas kya dekhte ho jo is duniya me ek musaafir ki tarah muqeem hua aur jo is kaa’inaat ki ranginiyo ko faani aur waqti tasawwur karta ho. Jab Huzoor Sarwar e kaa’inaat sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam is Duniya me Musafir ki tarah rahe aur kuchh maal o zar jama na kiya to meri kya haisiyat ya haqeeqat hai.”
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Aap 5wi sadi ke Mujaddid e Islaam hain.
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Aqwaal :
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(1) Insaan jitna Tangdasti se darta hai agar utna Jahannam se darta to dono se najaat pa leta, Aur jitni use Daulat se mohabbat hai agar Jannat se utni mohabbat hoti to dono ko paa leta, Aur jitna Zaahir me Logon se darta hai agar utna Baatin me ALLĀH ta’ala se darta to dono jahaan ki Sa’aadat paa leta.
(2) Khwaahishaat baadshaah ko bhi ghulaam bana deti hai aur Sabr wa parhez ghulaam ko bhi baadshaah bana deti hai.
(3) Rizq ALLĀH ta’ala ka waada hai to kisi bande se is ki umeed mat rakho.
(4) Narm alfaaz (guftagu) sakht patthar jaise dil ko bhi narm bana sakte hain aur sakht alfaaz resham jaise narm dil ko bhi sakht bana sakte hai.
(5) Daawat qubool karne me Ameer o Ghareeb ka farq na karo aur Door hone ki wajah se daawat radd na karo.
(6) Duniya ke saare insaan murda hain, Zinda woh hai jo Ahle Ilm hai.
Saare Ahle Ilm so rahe hai, Jaag woh raha hai jo Amal kar raha hai.
Saare Ahle Amal khasaare me hai, Kaamyaab woh hai jis ne Khuloos ke saath amal kiya.
(7) Insaan me jab tak khwaahish parasti, laalach, ghussa aur dusro par hamla karna jaisi aadaten hain woh insaaniyat se mehroom hai.
(8) Asli ilm yeh hai jo ita’at aur ibaadat sikhaaye.
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Aap farmaate hain ki
“Awaam ka Farz hai ki Eimaan aur islaam laakar Ibaadat aur apne rozgaar me mashgool rahe. Ilmi masaa’il ko Ulma e deen ke hawaale kar de. Aam shakhs ka ilmi silsile me hujjat karna zina aur chori se bhi zyada nuqsaan-deh aur khatarnaak hai, Kyun ki jo shakhs deeni uloom ki baseerat aur pukhtagi nahi agar wo ALLĀH aur us ke deen ke masa’il me bahes karta hai to bahot mumkin hai ki wo aisi ray qaa’im kare jo Kufr ho aur us ko ehsaas bhi na ho ki wo jo us ne samjha hai wo kufr hai. Is ki misaal is tarah hai ke kisi ko tairna na aata ho aur samundar me kood pade.”
(Ihya’ ul uloom ul deen, Jild -3, Safa -36)
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Aap ne taqreeban 70 kitaaben likhi hain.
Aap ki mash’hoor kitaaben :
(1) Tasawwuf :
Ihya’ ul uloom ul deen
Kimiya-e-sa’ādat [Faarsi]
Mizaan-ul-amal
Bidaayat ul-hidaayah
Naseehat ul-muluk [Farsi]
Al-Munqidh min ul-dalaal
Minhaaj-ul-Aabideen
(2) Kalaam :
Hujjat-ul-Haq
Al-Iqtisad fil-itiqad
Al-maqsad al-asna fee sharah asma Allahu al-husna
Jawaahir al-Qur’an wa duraruh
Fayasl al-tafriqa bayn al-Islaam wal-zandaqa
Mishkaat al-Anwaar
Tafseer al-yaqut al-ta’wil
(3) Falsafa :
Maqaasid al-Falasifa
Tahafut al-Falasifa
Miyar al-Ilm fi fan al-Mantiq
Mihak al-Nazar fi al-mantiq
Al-Qistaas-ul-mustaqim
(4) Fiq’h :
Fatawaa-ul-Ghazaali
Al-Wasit fi-ul-mazhab
Kitaab Tahzeeb-ul-Isul
Al-Mustasfa fee Ilm-ul-Isul
Asas-ul-Qiyaas
♦ Aap ne Baadshaaho, Wazeero, Qaazi aur apne dosto ko jo khat likhe the un ka majmua ‘Fazaa’il-ul-Anam min Rasaa’ili Hujjat-ul-Islaam’ naam se mash’hoor hai.
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Aap Hazrat Khwaja Shaikh Abu Ali Fazl ibn Muhammad al-Faarmadi rahmatullāhi alaihi ke mureed aur khalifa hain.
Aap ke khalifa Hazrat Abu Muhammad ibn Saalih ibn Harzihim rahmatullāhi alaihi hain.
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Apne wisaal ke din namaaz e fajr ada karne ke baad Aap ne apne bhai Hazrat Shaikh Ahmad al-Ghazaali ko safed kapda laane ke liye kaha aur jab woh lekar aaye to Aap ne apne kafan ko chuma aur phir use bichhakar us par lait gaye aur farmaaya “Aye mere Rab! Main khushi ke saath teri ita’at karta hu.” Aur inteqaal farmaaya.
Aap ka wisaal 14 Jamaadi-uṡ-ṡaani 505 Hijri (19 December 1111 A.D.) ko Peer ke roz hua.
Aap ka mazaar Tus (Iran) me hai.
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ALLĀH ta’ala us ke Habeeb sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam ke sadqe me
Aur Hazrat Imaam Muhammad al-Ghazaali rahmatullāhi alaihi aur Auliya Allāh ke waseele se
Sab ko mukammal ishq e Rasool ata farmae aur Sab ke Eimaan ki hifaazat farmae aur Sab ko sahi ilme deen haasil karne ki aur nek amal karne ki taufiq ata farmae.
Aur sab ko dunya wa aakhirat me kaamyaabi ata farmae aur Sab ki nek jaa’iz muraado ko puri farmae.
Aameen.