Tareekh-e-Islaam me bohot se azeem ulema, fuqaha aur auliya guzre hain jinhon ne Deen-e-Islaam ki aisi be-misaal khidmat ki jo qayamat tak yaad rakhi jayegi. Inhi azeem hastiyon me sab se roshan aur muqaddas naam Hazrat Imaam Abu Hanifa Nauman bin Saabit rahmatullahi alaihi ka aata hai. Aap ko dunya “Imaam-e-Aazam” (Sab se bade Imaam) ke naam se jaanti hai.
Aap Fiqh-e-Hanafi ke baani (founder) hain, aur aaj dunya bhar me 50 feesad (50%) se zyada musalman Aap ke bataaye hue shara’i masail par amal karte hain. Aap ki zindagi sachi tijaarat, be-misaal taqwa, raat bhar ki ibadat, aur haqq ke liye apni jaan qurban kar dene ki ek azeem dastaan hai.
Is mukammal aur tafseeli article me hum Hazrat Imaam Abu Hanifa ki wilaadat, bachpan, ta’aleem, asaatiza, tijaarat me imaandaari, hairat angez waqyaat aur un ki shahadat ke baare me padhenge. Agar aap Islaami tareekh aur Fiqh ke baani ki zindagi janna chahte hain, to yeh post aap ke ilm me be-panah izafa karegi.
Table of Contents
- Azeem Alqaab Aur Un Ki Ahmiyat
- Wilaadat Aur Khaandaani Pas-e-Manzar
- Ibtidaai Zindagi Aur Ta’aleemi Safar Ka Aaghaz
- Azeem Asaatiza Aur Taabi’een Ka Maqaam
- 9 Saal Ki Umr Me Yahudi Se Azeem Mubaahisa
- Tijaarat Me Be-Misaal Imaandaari
- Ibaadat, Taqwa Aur Husn-e-Akhlaaq
- Hairat Angez Karaamaat Aur Kashf
- Hikmat Aur Danaai Ke Waqyaat
- Mubarak Aqwaal Aur Zindagi Ke Sabaq
- Fiqh-e-Hanafi, Tasannifat Aur Shaagird
- Haqq Ki Khaatir Shahadat Aur Wisaal
- Mukhtasar Ta’aruf (Summary Table)
- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- Conclusion Aur Dua
Azeem Alqaab Aur Un Ki Ahmiyat
Auliya Allah aur azeem Ulema ko un ki khidmaat ke mutabiq alqaab (titles) diye jate hain. Hazrat Imaam Abu Hanifa (R.A) ko ummat-e-muslima ne do bohot hi azeem alqaab se nawaza hai:
- Imaam-e-Aazam: Is ka matlab hai “Sab se bada Imaam” (The Greatest Imam). Charo Fiqhi Imaamon (Imam Shafi’i, Imam Malik, Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal) me Aap sab se pehle aur martabe me sab se aala maane jate hain.
- Siraaj-ul-Ummah: Is ka matlab hai “Ummat ka Chiragh” (Lamp of the Ummah). Aap ne shariat aur fiqh ke aise qawaneen murattab kiye jinhon ne qayamat tak aane wali ummat ke liye ashaani aur roshni paida kar di.
Wilaadat Aur Khaandaani Pas-e-Manzar
Hazrat Imaam Abu Hanifa ki wilaadat us waqt hui jab dunya me Sahaba-e-Kiraam (R.A) ki azeem jama’at maujood thi.
- Tareekh-e-Wilaadat: Aap ki wilaadat 80 Hijri me hui.
- Angrezi Tareekh: Gregorian calendar ke mutabiq yeh 5 September 699 A.D. ka din tha.
- Maqaam (Place of Birth): Aap ki paidaish Kufa (Iraq) me hui, jo us waqt Islaami uloom aur Hadees ka sab se bada markaz maana jata tha.
- Waalid Ka Naam: Aap ke waalid-e-mohtaram ka naam Saabit bin Zuta hai.
- Aabaai Watan: Aap ke daada dunya ke mukhtalif safar karte hue Faars (Iran) se Arab aa gaye the aur Kufa me aabad ho gaye the.
Ibtidaai Zindagi Aur Ta’aleemi Safar Ka Aaghaz
Imaam-e-Aazam ki ibtidaai zindagi tijaarat aur kaarobar me guzri. Aap shuru me madrase ke ba-qaida talib-e-ilm nahi the. Aap ke ta’aleemi safar ka aaghaz ek bohot hi dilchasp waqie se hua.
Hazrat Sha’bi Se Mulaqaat:
Ek baar Aap apni waalida maajida ka kuchh paighaam pahunchane ke liye jaa rahe the. Raaste me Aap Kufa ke mash’hoor aalim Hazrat Sha’bi rahmatullahi alaihi ke ghar ke paas se guzre.
Hazrat Sha’bi ne Aap ke noorani chehre aur zaheen shakhsiyat ko dekha. Unho ne Aap ko apna shaagird samajhkar kaha: “Apni class me jaakar padho.”
Aap ne badi saadgi se jawab diya: “Main to madrase me padhta nahi hu, main kaarobar karta hu.”
Yeh sunkar Hazrat Sha’bi (R.A) ne ek aisi baat kahi jis ne tareekh badal di. Unho ne farmaaya:
“Mujhe tum behad zaheen (intelligent) lagte ho. Tumhe apna waqt sirf bazaaron me nahi guzaarna chahiye balke kisi aalim ya buzurg ki sohbat me rehna chaahiye.”
Hazrat Sha’bi ki is naseehat ne Aap ke dil par gehra asar kiya. Aap ne apni tijaarat ke sath sath Ilm-e-Deen sikhne ka faisla kiya aur Hazrat Hammaad ibn Abi Sulaiman rahmatullahi alaihi ki sohbat me baith kar deen sikhne lage.
Azeem Asaatiza Aur Taabi’een Ka Maqaam
Ilm haasil karne ki lagan ne Aap ko us daur ke sab se bade Ulema aur Hadees ke mahireen ke paas pohnchaya.
Mash’hoor Asaatiza (Teachers):
- Hazrat Imaam Sha’bi Kufi aur Hazrat Hammaad ibn Sulaiman se Aap ne Hadees ki ta’aleem haasil ki.
- Fiqh ki ba-qaida ta’aleem Aap ne apne khaas ustaad Hazrate Hammaad se haasil ki aur un ke sath ek lamba arsa guzara.
- In ke ilaawa Aap ne kai azeem ulema se faiz paya, jin me shamil hain:
- Hazrat Aamir ibn Shurahbeel
- Alqaama ibn Marsad
- Ziyaad ibn Ilaqa
- Adi ibn Saabit
- Qataada Basri
- Muhammed ibn Munkadir Madani
- Simaak ibn Harb
- Qais ibn Muslim Kufi
- Mansoor ibn Umar
Madeena Shareef Ka Safar Aur Bai’at:
102 Hijri me Aap ne markaz-e-Islam Madeena shareef ka safar kiya. Wahan Aap ki mulaqaat Ahle Bait ke azeem chiragh Hazrat Imaam Sayyed Ja’afar al-Saadiq rahmatullahi alaihi se hui. Aap ne un se ta’aleem haasil karna shuru kiya aur rohaniyat ki manzilen tay karne ke liye un ke hath par Bai’at bhi ki.
Taabi’een Me Shumaar
Hazrat Imaam Abu Hanifa ki sab se badi fazeelat yeh hai ke Aap Taabi’een me se hain. (Taabi’i usay kehte hain jis ne imaan ki halat me kisi Sahaabi-e-Rasool ko dekha ho).
Aap ne darj zail mubaarak Sahaaba-e-Kiraam (R.A) ki ziyarat ki aur un se Ahaadees sikhi:
- Hazrat Anas ibn Maalik (Basra)
- Hazrat Abdullah ibn Abi Aufa (Kufa)
- Hazrat Sahl bin Sa’ad (Madeena)
- Hazrat Abu Tufail Aamir ibn Waasila (Makka)
9 Saal Ki Umr Me Yahudi Se Azeem Mubaahisa
Imaam-e-Aazam bachpan hi se be-panah zaheen (genius) the. Aap ki zahanat ka andaza us waqie se lagaya ja sakta hai jab Aap ki umr mahaz 9 saal thi.
Ek martaba ek Yahudi aalim Kufa ke majme (gathering) me aaya aur us ne musalmano ke ulema ko challenge kiya. Us ne 3 paicheeda (complex) sawaal puchhe:
- ALLAH agar hai to ALLAH se pehle kaun tha?
- ALLAH ka chehra kis taraf hai?
- ALLAH is waqt kya kar raha hai?
Majme me maujood bahot saare ulema yahudi ke in ajeeb sawaalo ke jawaab ke baare me sochte rahe. Tab ek chota sa bacha, yaani Hazrat Abu Hanifa, khade hokar aage aaye aur yahudi se buland aawaz me kaha: “Main tumhare sawalo ke jawaab deta hu.”
Pehle Sawaal Ka Jawaab:
Aap ne us Yahudi se kaha: “Ginti gino (Count the numbers).”
Yahudi bola: “1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ….., 10.”
Aap ne use rokkar kaha: “Ab ulta gino (Count backwards).”
Woh bola: “10, 9, 8, 7, 6, ….., 2, 1.”
Aap ne puchha: “Yeh batao 1 se pehle kya aata hai?”
Yahudi ne hairat se kaha: “Kuchh bhi nahi.”
Aap ne muskurakar farmaaya: “Isi tarah ALLAH ek hai, aur us 1 se pehle koi bhi nahi.”
Dusre Sawaal Ka Jawaab:
Phir Aap ne ek jalte hue chiraagh (lamp) ko mangwaya aur us Yahudi se puchha: “Batao, is chiraagh ki roshni ka munh kis taraf hai?”
Us ne kaha: “Is ki roshni to chaaro taraf hai, is ka koi ek rukh nahi.”
Aap ne farmaaya: “Jab ek aam chiraagh ki roshni ka koi ek rukh nahi, to ALLAH ka noor to har taraf hai, us ka chehra har simt me hai.”
Teesre Sawaal Ka Jawaab:
Phir Aap ne us ke teesre sawal (ALLAH kya kar raha hai) ke jawab me farmaaya:
“Tum jaanna chaahte ho ki ALLAH is waqt kya kar raha hai? To uska jawaab yeh hai ki ALLAH is waqt ek maghroor Yahudi aalim ko ek 9 saal ke musalman bache ke hathon zaleel karwa raha hai.”
Yeh sunkar woh Yahudi la-jawab ho gaya aur wahan se sharminda hokar chala gaya.
Tijaarat Me Be-Misaal Imaandaari
Hazrat Imaam Abu Hanifa ek azeem aalim hone ke sath sath ek bohot bade tajir (businessman) bhi the. Aap ke waalid Kabul (Afghanistan) me kapdo (textiles) ka kaarobar karte the, aur Aap bhi apne waalid ke saath us kaarobar me shamil ho gaye the. Aap ki tijaarat me imaandaari ki misaal aaj tak di jati hai.
Kapde Ke Nuqs Ka Waqia:
Ek baar Aap ne apne partner Hazrat Hafs bin Abdur Rahman ko doosre shehar maal-e-tijaarat (kapde) bechne ke liye bheja. Aap ne unhe sakht taaqid farmaai ke:
“Falaan kapde me kuchh nuqs (defect/fault) hai. Jab tum use farokht karo (becho) to khareedar ko woh nuqs zaroor bayaan kar dena.”
Hazrat Hafs bin Abdur Rahman ne wahan ja kar kapda becha lekin ghalti se bechte hue woh nuqs bataana bhool gaye. Unhe yeh bhi yaad na raha ke woh defective kapda kis customer ko becha hai.
Jab Aap (Imaam e Aazam) ko is ghalti ka pata chala to Aap behad afsos aur rone lage. Kyun ki yeh mumkin na tha ke Aap us doosre mulk me jaakar un anjaan khareeddaar ko dhoond kar un ki raqam waapas lauta sakein, Aap ne ek tareekhi faisla kiya. Aap ne us pure maal se aane wala saara munaafa (profit) ghareebo me khairaat (charity) kar dene ka hukm diya, taake ek paise ka bhi haram lqma un ke ghar me na aaye.
Ulema Ki Maali Madad:
Aap tijaarat se saal bhar me jo bhi munaafa hota, us se khaane peene ki cheeze, kapde aur deegar zaruriyat khareed kar Mudarriseen (teachers), Ulama, Muhaddiseen aur Mashai’kh ki khidmat me pesh karte.
Jo maal naqd (cash) baaqi reh jaata, woh bhi un Hazraat ki khidmat me bataure nazraana pesh karte aur farmaate:
“Yeh sab maal ALLAH ta’ala ka hai aur us ne apne fazl o karam se aap Hazraat ke liye ye maal mujhe ataa farmaaya hai. Jo main aap ki khidmat me pesh kar raha hu.”
Aap ki baargaah me koi bhi shakhs haazir hota, to Aap us ke haalat daryaaft karte. Agar woh mohtaaj (needy) hota to use apni jaib se kuchh ataa farmaate aur kehte: “ALLAH ta’ala ki Hamd o Sanaa karo ki usi ne tumhe yeh ataa farmaaya hai.”
Ibaadat, Taqwa Aur Husn-e-Akhlaaq
Imaam Abu Hanifa (R.A) ki zindagi ibadat, dar-e-khuda aur azeem akhlaq ka majmooa thi. Aap khaamosh rehna zyada pasand farmaate aur logo se be-kaar bahes o mubaahisa se bachne ki hamesha koshish karte the.
Ibaadat Ka Ajeeb Mamool:
Ek baar Aap ke kisi shaagird ne Aap se kaha ki: ‘Log shehar me kehte hain ki Imaam saahab raat bhar jaagkar ibaadat karte hain’ (Jabke us waqt Aap aadhi raat ibadat karte the).
Aap ne farmaaya: ‘Aaj se main waqai aisa hi kiya karunga aur puri raat jaaga karunga. Kyun ki ALLAH ta’ala farmata hain ke “Jo bande us cheez ki ta’arif ko pasand karte hain jo un me nahi hai, wo hargeez azaab se na bach sakenge.”’
- Is ke baad Aap ne lagataar 40 saal tak Ishaa ke wuzu se Fajr ki namaaz padhi. (Yaani 40 saal tak Aap raat ko soye nahi).
- Qur’an shareef ki aisi koi surah baaqi nahi thi jo Aap ne apni nafl namaaz me na padhi ho.
- Jis jagah Aap ne wafaat paai, usi kamre me Aap ne 7000 martaba Qur’an shareef mukammal kiya tha.
- Har saal Maah-e-Ramazaan me Aap roz ek baar din me aur ek baar raat me Qur’an shareef mukammal kiya karte. Is tarah Taraweeh me Imaamat ke dauraan 1 Qur’an milaakar, ek Ramazaan me kul 61 baar Qur’an shareef mukammal karte the.
- Aap ne apni zindagi me 55 baar Hajje Baitullah ki sa’adat haasil ki.
Deen Me Ihtiyaat (Taqwa):
Ek baar Aap ko pata chala ke Kufa me kisi ka bhed (sheep) chori ho gaya hai. Aap is dar se ghabra gaye ke kahin bazaar se khareede hue gosht (meat) me us chori kiye gaye jaanwar ka gosht na aa jaaye. Aap ne logo se pucha ke ek bhed ki aam umr kitni hoti hai. Pata chala ke 7 saal hoti hai. Aap ne 7 saal tak gosht nahi khaaya taake chori ka ek luqma bhi pait me na jaye.
Qarz Aur Sood (Interest) Se Bachaav:
Ek martaba Aap kisi ke janaaza padhaane tashreef le gaye. Dhoop bohot tez thi. Logo ne Aap ko ek makaan ke saaye (shade) me khade hone ke liye arz kiya.
Aap ne inkaar kiya aur farmaaya:
‘Is makaan ke maalik ne mujh se qarz (loan) liya hai. Agar main is ke makaan ki deewaar se aaj saaye ka nafa (benefit) haasil kiya, to mujhe dar hai ke kahi ALLAH ke yahan ye Sood (Interest/Riba) me shumaar na ho jaaye.’ Chunaanche Aap tez dhoop me hi khade rahe.
Ghareebon Ke Sath Hamdardi:
Ek baar Aap ne dekha ki ek shakhs ne Aap ko door se dekhkar apna raasta badal liya aur chup gaya. Aap ne kisi ko bhej kar usay bulaya aur wajeh puchi. Pata chala ki us ne Aap se 10,000 dirham ka qarz liya tha aur abhi us ke haalat aise the ki wo use ada nahi kar sakta tha. Is liye sharam ke mare chup gaya.
Aap ka dil bhar aaya, Aap ne foran us ka saara qarz ma’af kar diya aur usay gale laga liya taake agli baar use Aap ke saamne aane par sharminda na hona pade.
Hairat Angez Karaamaat Aur Kashf
Auliya Allah ko ALLAH ki taraf se aise kashf (spiritual visions) aur karamaat milti hain jo aam insaan ki samajh se baahar hoti hain. Imaam-e-Aazam ki zindagi bhi in rohani waqyaat se bhari hui thi.
1. Roza-e-Rasool ﷺ Se Jawaab
Ek martaba jab Aap Madina Munawwara me Huzoor sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ke Roza-e-Anwar par ziyarat ke liye haazir hue, to Aap ne adab se Salaam arz kiya:
“Assalaamu alaikum Ya Sayyed-ul-Mursaleen.” (Aye Rasoolon ke Sardar, Aap par salaam).
Wahan maujood logon ne suna ke Roza-e-Anwar ke andar se aawaz aai:
“Wa alaikum assalaam Ya Imaam-ul-Muslimeen.” (Aur tujh par bhi salaam aye Musalmanon ke Imaam).
2. Ghaib Se Jannat Ki Khushkhabari
Ek martaba Aap Ka’abatullah ke andar tashreef farma the aur rote hue dua kar rahe the ke:
“Aye mere Rab! Mujhe muaf farma, Main sahi tareeqe se teri ibaadat ka haq ada nahi kar paaya.”
Aap baar baar ro kar ye alfaaz dohra rahe the. Aakhir me raat ke khatm hone se pehle ghaib se aawaaz aai:
“Aye mere bande! Hum ne tumhe bakhsh diya aur tumhare liye khushkhabari hai ke tumhari pairwi (follow) karne waale ko bhi hum jannat ata farmaenge.”
3. Wuzu Ke Paani Se Gunaahon Ka Dikhna (Kashf)
Ek martaba Aap Koofa ki Jaama Masjid ke wuzu khaane me tashreef le gaye. Waha Aap ne ek nau-jawaan ko wuzu karte hue dekha. ALLAH ne Aap ka kashf khol diya aur Aap ko wuzu ke girte hue qatron me us ke gunaah nazar aane lage.
Aap ne us ke aaza se tapakte hue wuzu ke paani ke qatre dekhkar farmaaya: ‘Aye nau-jawaan! Maa-Baap ki naa farmani se taubah kar le.’ Us ne foran ro kar kaha ‘Maine tauba ki.’
Phir ek aur shakhs ko dekha aur farmaaya: ‘Aye mere bhai! Tu badkaari se tauba kar le.’ Us ne bhi kaha “Maine tauba ki.”
Phir teesre shakhs ko dekha aur farmaaya: “Sharaab noshi aur gaane baaje sunne se tauba kar le.” Us ne bhi sachhi tauba kar li.
Lekin Imaam-e-Aazam ko is baat ka ehsas hua ke is kashf ki wajah se logo ke posheeda (hidden) gunaah aur aib (faults) zaahir ho jaate hain. Aap ne foran baargaah e Khudawandi me dua maangi ke “Ya ALLAH, mere is kashf ko khatm kar de”. ALLAH ne dua qubool farmaai jis se Aap ko wuzu karne waalo ke gunaah jhadte nazar aana band ho gaya. Yeh un ki parda-poshi ki azeem misaal hai.
4. Gustakh Ka Kutta Ban Kar Marna
Aap ke waalid ke intiqaal ke baad Aap apni kapdo ki dukaan par baithe the. Aap se bughz (hatred) rakhne waala ek shakhs aaya aur taana dete hue kehne laga: “Suna hai ke tumhare waalid ka inteqaal ho gaya hai aur tumhari maa bewa ho gai hai.” Aap ne sabar se farmaaya: “Ji sahi baat hai.”
Us ne ghatya baat kahi: ‘Suna hai tumhari maa bahot khubsurat hai. Tum apni maa ka nikaah mujh se kyun nahi kara dete?”
Aap ne ghussa nahi kiya, balke itminan se jawaab diya: “Meri waalida Aaqil aur baaligh hai. Chunaanche un ka nikaah un ki marzi se hi ho sakta hai. Main un tak tumhari baat pahuncha dunga.”
Yeh kehkar Aap dukaan ke baahar tashreef laaye aur aaram se ghar ki jaanib rawaana hue. Kuchh qadam hi aage badhe the ke wo shakhs chillaaya: “Nomaan! Waapas aao.”
Aap ne moodkar pichhe dekha to woh shakhs zameen par gir gaya tha. Aap us ke qareeb aaye to dekha ke wo kutte ki tarah zabaan baahar nikaale hue zameen par pada hai aur tadap raha hai, aur kuchh hi lamho me woh kutte ki maut mar gaya.
Aap ne asmaan ki taraf dekh kar kaha: “Nomaan ke sabr par ALLAH ne apni qudrat se badla liya.”
Hikmat Aur Danaai Ke Waqyaat
Bhule Hue Khazane Ki Talash:
Ek martaba ek shakhs apna kuchh maal (khazana) zameen me dafn karke bhul gaya. Wo poora ilaaqa bhool chuka tha. Wo Imaam-e-Aazam ki baargaah me haazir hua aur madad mangi.
Aap ne farmaya ke: “Jaao, Aaj tum saari raat ALLAH ki ibadat me namaaz padhte raho, tumhe yaad aa jaayega ke tumne maal kaha dabaaya tha.”
Chunaanche wo shakhs apne ghar gaya aur raat ko us ne namaaz padhna shuru kiya. Abhi chand rak’at hi padhi thi ke use achanak yaad aa gaya ke us ne maal kahan dabaaya hai. Wo wahan gaya aur apna khazana nikal laya.
Subah khushi khushi Aap ki khidmat me haazir ho kar kehne laga: “Huzoor! Aap ki batai hui tadbeer se kaam ho gaya.”
Aap ne muskurate hue irshaad farmaaya: “Mujhe ma’aloom tha ke Shaitaan tujhe raat bhar namaaz nahi padhne dega aur (namaz tudwane ke liye) tujhe tera maal yaad dila dega taaki tu namaaz chhod de. Magar mujhe Afsos hai ke tune maal milne ke Shukraane me raat bhar namaz kyun na padhi?”
Sahaaba Ka Adab:
Ek baar kisi ne Aap se puchha ki “Hazrat Alqaama (R.A) afzal hain ya Hazrat Aswad (R.A)?”
Aap ne un dono azeem hastiyon ka mawaazana (comparison) karne se inkaar kar diya aur badi aajizi se farmaaya: “Khuda ki qasam, Hum to is laa’iq bhi nahi ki in sahaaba ka zikr bhi karen, phir un me mawaazana (farq) kaise kar sakte hain?”
Hazrat Usman (R.A) Ke Gustakh Ka Ilaaj:
Ek shakhs Ameer-ul-Momineen Hazrat Usman Ghani radiy-Allahu ta’ala anhu se bughz rakhta tha aur unhe (ma’az Allah) Yahudi kehta tha.
Imaame Aazam ko is baat ka pata chala to Aap ne usay bulaya aur ek hikmat bhari chaal chali. Aap ne us se farmaaya: “Maine tumahri ladki ke liye ek munaasib rishta talaash kiya hai. Ladke me har qism ki khubi maujood hai, ameer hai, padha likha hai, Sirf itni si baat hai ki woh Yahudi hai.”
Us shakhs ne ghusse me jawaab diya: “Bade afsos ki baat hai ki Aap itne bade Imaam hokar ek Musalman ladki ka nikaah ek yahudi ke saath jaa’iz samajhte hain. Main to hargiz is nikaah ko jaa’iz nahi samajhta!”
Aap ne foran farmaaya: “Sub’han Allah! Magar tumahre jaa’iz na samajhne se kya hota hai, Jab ki Huzoor sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ne apni do (2) saahab-zaadiyo ka nikaah ek (jise tum kehte ho) yahudi se kar diya tha?”
Wo shakhs foran samajh gaya ki Hazrat Imaame aazam kya baat samjha rahe hain. Chunaanche foran us ne Hazrat Usman Ghani ke muta’alliq apne ghalat aqeede se tauba ki aur Imaam-e-Aazam ka mureed ban gaya.
Mubarak Aqwaal Aur Zindagi Ke Sabaq
Aap ki zaat se nikle hue aqwaal (sayings) aj bhi ulema aur awam ke dilon ke liye hidayat hain. Aap irshaad farmaate hain:
- “Agar koi dunya me martaba, shohrat ya maal-o-daulat haasil karne ke liye ilme deen sikhta hai to wo ilm kabhi us ke dil me nahi reh sakta.”
- “Baghair amal ke Ilm, baghair rooh ke jism jaisa hai. Jo amal nahi karta wo na to mukhlis hota hai aur na qaabile pairwi hota hai.”
- “Hume jis se koi bhi achi baat sikhne mile wo hamara ustaad hai, chaahe wo martabe me aala ho ya adna.”
- “Shaagirdo (students) ke saath aise khuloos aur mohabbat se pesh aao ke koi dekhe to yeh samjhe ke yeh us ki apni aulaad hai.”
- “Hamsaaya (padosi / neighbor) ke saath ache sulook se pesh aaya karo aur unhe tang na kiya karo.”
Fiqh-e-Hanafi, Tasannifat Aur Shaagird
Hazrat Imaam Abu Hanifa Aa’imma-e-Araba (Charo bade Imaamon) me se sab se pehle Imaam hain. Aap ka murattab kiya gaya Fiqh (School of Islamic Jurisprudence) ‘Hanafi’ naam se mash’hoor hai.
Aaj dunya me maujood 50% se zyada musalman (jin me India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Turkey, Afghanistan waghaira ke log shamil hain) Fiqh-e-Hanafi ki taqleed karte hain.
Mash’hoor Tasannifat (Books):
Aap ne Deen ke mukhtalif maozooaat par bahot saari azeem kitaaben likhi hain, jin me se chand mash’hoor ye hain:
- Kitaab-ul-Aasaar (Jis me 70,000 Ahadees ka majmooa hai, murattab karda Imaam Muhammad al-Shaybani)
- Kitaab-ul-Aasaar (Imaam Abu Yousuf ka nusqa)
- Musnad Imaam-ul-Aazam
- Fiqh al-Akbar (Aqaa’id par be-misaal kitab)
- Kitaab ul Rad alal Qaadiriyah
- Aalim wal-muta’allim
Azeem Shaagird Aur Ulema:
Aap ke halqa-e-dars se aisi azeem hastiyaan nikli jinhon ne dunya e Islam me Fiqh aur Hadees ko aam kiya. Aap ke mash’hoor shaagirdon me shamil hain:
- Imaam Muhammad al-Shaibani
- Imaam Qaazi Abu Yousuf
- Imaam Zufar ibn Huzail
- Abdullah ibn Mubarak
- Abdur Razzaaq
- Abu Naeem Faza
- Abu Aasim
- Muhammad ibn Hasan
- Jaafar ibn Awn, Ubaidullah ibn Moosa waghaira.
Is ke ilawa tasawwuf ke azeem sartaaj Hazrat Fuzail bin Ayyaaz, Hazrat Ibraheem bin Ad’ham, aur Hazrat Bishr Haafi rahmatullahi alaihi ne bhi Aap se rohani aur ilmi faiz haasil kiya.
(Note: Aap ke 2 saahabzaade the jin ke naam Hammaad aur Abdus Salaam hain).
Haqq Ki Khaatir Shahadat Aur Wisaal
Imaam-e-Aazam ki zindagi ka aakhri hissa bohot aazmaishon bhara tha. Aap ne haqq ki khatir qaid (jail) kaati magar zalim hukmaranon ke aage ghutne nahi teke.
Umayya Daur Me Inkaar:
Aakhri Umayya Khalifa Marwaan ibn Muhammad ke zamaane me, Iraq ke Governor Yazeed ibne Amr ne Aap ko ‘Qaazi’ (Chief Judge) ke ohade ke liye farmaan bheja. Aap jante the ke agar main qaazi ban gaya to hukumat ke dabao me nahaq faisle karne padenge. Aap apna waqt khidmate deen me guzaarna chaahte the aur dunya ke ghalat muamalaat me phansna nahi chaahte the. Is liye Aap ne sakhti se inkaar kiya. Governor ne Aap ko bahot aziyat (torture) di. Aap waha se hijrat karke Makka Mukarrama chale gaye.
Abbaasi Daur Aur Shahadat:
Phir 150 Hijri (767 A.D.) me, jab Abbaasi Khalifa Abu Jafar Mansoor ka daur aaya, to us ne Aap ko wapas bulaya aur dobara Qaazi ke ohade ki peshkash ki.
Aap ne dobara inkaar kiya. Khalifa is inkaar par aag-bagola ho gaya aur us ne Aap ko qaid-khane (prison) me daal diya. Qaid me Aap ko behad aziyat di gai, rozana kode mare jate the, magar Aap haq par qayam rahe.
Aakhir me Khalifa Mansoor ne Aap ko zeher (poison) de kar shaheed kar diya.
Jab Imaam-e-Aazam ne mehsoos kiya ki un ke jism me zeher phail raha hai, to Aap ne foran wuzu kiya aur ALLAH ki baargaah me Namaaz-e-Shukr ada karne lage. Usi haalat-e-namaaz aur sajdah me hi Aap ka wisaal (shahadat) hua. Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji’un.
Wisaal Ki Tareekh Aur Janaaza:
- Aap ka wisaal 2 Sha’abaan 150 Hijri (767 A.D.) ko hua.
- Wisaal ke waqt Aap ki umr mubarak 70 saal thi.
- Aap ke janaaze ka nazaara tareekhi tha. Aap ke janaaze me 50,000 se zyada log shareek hue aur bheed ki wajah se 6 baar namaaz-e-janaaza padhai gai.
- Aap ka mazaar-e-aqdas aaj bhi Baghdad (Iraq) me maujood hai, jahan lakho ashiqaan hazri dete hain.
Mukhtasar Ta’aruf (Summary Table)
| Tafseelat (Details) | Ma’aloomat (Information) |
| Asal Naam | Nauman bin Saabit |
| Mash’hoor Alqaab | Imaam-e-Aazam, Siraaj-ul-Ummah |
| Wilaadat (Birth) | 80 Hijri (5 September 699 A.D.) |
| Jaae Paidaish (Place) | Kufa, Iraq |
| Waalid Ka Naam | Saabit bin Zuta |
| Taabi’i Status | Ji haan, Sahaaba ko dekha (Hazrat Anas bin Malik waghaira) |
| Mash’hoor Asaatiza | Hazrat Hammaad ibn Abi Sulaiman, Imaam Jafar al-Sadiq |
| Fiqh Ka Naam | Fiqh-e-Hanafi |
| Mash’hoor Kitaab | Fiqh al-Akbar, Kitaab-ul-Aasaar |
| Shahadat (Demise) | 2 Sha’abaan 150 Hijri (767 A.D.) in Sajdah |
| Mazaar (Shrine) | Baghdad, Iraq |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Imaam Abu Hanifa ka asal naam kya hai?
Aap ka asal naam Nauman hai aur Aap ke waalid ka naam Saabit hai, is liye aap Nauman bin Saabit kehlte hain. “Abu Hanifa” aap ki kunyat hai.
2. Aap ki wilaadat kahan aur kab hui?
Aap ki wilaadat Kufa (Iraq) me 80 Hijri (699 A.D.) me hui.
3. Aap ko Imaam-e-Aazam kyun kaha jata hai?
Aap chaaro Fiqhi imaamon me sab se pehle aur martabe me sab se aala hain, is liye ummat ne aap ko Imaam-e-Aazam (Sab se bada Imaam) ka laqab diya.
4. Kya Imaam Abu Hanifa Taabi’i the?
Ji haan, Aap Taabi’een me se hain kyunke Aap ne Hazrat Anas bin Malik (R.A) samet kai Sahaaba-e-Kiraam ki ziyarat ki aur un se Hadees sikhi.
5. Aap ka tijaarat (business) kis cheez ka tha?
Aap ke waalid aur Aap khud kapdo (textiles) aur resham ka azeem kaarobar karte the.
6. Aap ne qarz daar ke ghar ke saaye me khade hone se inkaar kyun kiya?
Aap ne inkaar kiya taake qarz par koi nafa (saaya) haasil karke woh sood (Interest/Riba) ke zumre me na aa jaye. Yeh aap ka azeem taqwa tha.
7. 9 saal ki umr me Yahudi se kya sawal jawab hue the?
Yahudi ne pucha tha “ALLAH se pehle kya tha, us ka rukh kidhar hai, wo kya kar raha hai?” Imaam ne ginti (1 se pehle kuch nahi), chiraagh (roshni har taraf), aur Yahudi ki zillat ke zariye be-misaal jawabat diye.
8. Hafs bin Abdur Rahman wale waqie me Aap ne kya kiya?
Partner ne defective kapda bina bataye bech diya tha. Jiska kaffara ada karne ke liye Imaam saheb ne poore saal ka munaafa (profit) ghareebon me sadqa kar diya.
9. Aap ki ibadat ka kya silsila tha?
Aap ne 40 saal tak Ishaa ke wuzu se Fajr ki namaaz padhi, aur apni zindagi me 55 Hajj ada kiye.
10. Wuzu ke paani ka kashf kya tha?
Aap ko logon ke wuzu ke qatron se un ke gunaah dhulte hue nazar aate the. Aap ne dua karke is kashf ko khatam karwaya taake logo ke aib chhupe rahein.
11. Aap ke mash’hoor shaagird kon the?
Aap ke mash’hoor shaagirdon me Imaam Abu Yousuf aur Imaam Muhammad al-Shaibani shamil hain jinhon ne Fiqh-e-Hanafi ko dunya me phailaya.
12. Aap ko kis Khalifa ne qaid me daala tha?
Abbaasi Khalifa Abu Jafar Mansoor ne Aap ko Qaazi (Judge) banne se inkaar karne par qaid me daala tha.
13. Aap Qaazi (Judge) kyun nahi banna chahte the?
Aap darrte the ke zalim hukumat ke dabao me aakar koi nahaq faisla na kar dein aur aakhirat me ALLAH ki pakad me na aa jayen.
14. Aap ki shahadat kaise hui?
Khalifa Abu Jafar Mansoor ne qaid-khane me Aap ko zeher (poison) de diya tha, jis se Aap ki shahadat hui.
15. Wisaal ke waqt Aap kis haal me the?
Zeher ka asar mehsoos hote hi Aap ne wuzu kiya aur Namaaz-e-Shukr ada karte hue sajdah ki halat me wisaal farmaya.
16. Aap ke janaaze me kitne log the?
Aap ke janaaze me 50,000 se zyada log the aur bheed ki wajah se 6 martaba namaaz-e-janaaza padhani padi.
17. Fiqh-e-Hanafi kitne percent Musalman follow karte hain?
Dunya ke taqreeban 50% se zyada musalman Fiqh-e-Hanafi par amal karte hain.
18. Aap ki likhi hui sab se mashhoor aqaid ki kitab konsi hai?
“Fiqh al-Akbar” Aap ki aqaid par likhi hui sab se mashhoor kitab hai.
19. Aap ne apni maa ko gaali dene wale gustakh ka kya anjaam dekha?
Woh gustakh kutte ki tarah zameen par gir kar zaban nikal kar tadap tadap kar mar gaya tha.
20. Hazrat Imaam Abu Hanifa ka mazaar kahan waqe hai?
Aap ka mazaar-e-aqdas Baghdad, Iraq me waqe hai.
Conclusion Aur Dua
Hazrat Imaam Abu Hanifa Nauman bin Saabit (R.A) ki biography humein sikhate hai ke asli izzat dunya ke ohdon aur baadshahon ki gulami me nahi, balke ALLAH aur Uske Rasool ﷺ ki ibadat aur sachai par datt jane me hai. Aap ne Fiqh ka jo azeem majmooa ummat ko diya hai, woh aane wali naslon ke liye ek roshan chiragh (Siraaj-ul-Ummah) hai. Aap ki zindagi hamare liye tijaarat, akhlaq, ilm aur taqwa ka be-misaal namoona hai.
Dua:
ALLĀH ta’ala us ke Habeeb sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ke sadqe me
Aur Hazrat Imaam e Aazam Abu Haneefa Nomaan bin Saabit rahmatullahi alaihi aur Auliya Allah ke waseele se
Sab ko mukammal ishq e Rasool ata farmae aur Sab ke Eimaan ki hifaazat farmae aur Sab ko nek amal karne ki taufiq ata farmae.
Aur Sab ko dunya wa aakhirat me kaamyaabi ata farmae aur Sab ki nek jaa’iz muraado ko puri farmae.
Aameen.